Micronutrients and Types

Journal of Food and Clinical Nutrition is a peer reviewed open access journal. It is a bimonthly journal. Here we have discussed about Role of Micronutrients and Types.

Vitamins and minerals are the two types of micronutrients. While only needed in small amounts, they play important roles in human development and well-being, including the regulation of metabolism, heartbeat, cellular pH, and bone density. Lack of micronutrients can lead to stunted growth in children and increased risk for various diseases in adulthood. Without proper consumption of micronutrients, humans can suffer from diseases such as rickets (lack of vitamin D), scurvy (lack of vitamin C), and osteoporosis (lack of calcium).

Types of Micronutrients

Vitamins are available in two forms: water-soluble and fat-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are easily lost through bodily fluids and must be replaced each day. Water-soluble vitamins include the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C. Vitamins B6 and B12 are two of the most well-known B-complex vitamins. Since they are not lost as easily as their water-soluble counterparts, fat-soluble vitamins tend to accumulate within the body and are not needed on a daily basis. The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E and K.

Regardless of type, vitamins and minerals are absorbed in similar ways in your body and interact in many processes.

Minerals are also available in two forms: macrominerals and microminerals.

Macrominerals are needed in larger amounts and include the following:

• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Phosphorus
• Sodium
• Potassium

Microminerals are only needed in trace amounts and include the following:

• Iron
• Copper
• Iodine
• Zinc
• Fluoride

Micronutrients in Food

All foods contain micronutrients. Here's a list of important micronutrients and common foods where they can be found:

• Calcium - milk, yogurt, spinach, and sardines
• Vitamin B12 - beef, fish, cheese, and eggs
• Zinc - beef, cashews, garbanzo beans, and turkey
• Potassium - bananas, spinach, potatoes, and apricots
• Vitamin C - oranges, peppers, broccoli, and bananas

Micronutrient deficiency

Micronutrient deficiencies are associated with 10% of all children's deaths, and are therefore of special concern to those involved with child welfare. Deficiencies of essential

vitamins or minerals such as Vitamin A, iron, and zinc may be caused by long-term shortages of nutritious food or by infections such as intestinal worms. They may also be caused or exacerbated when illnesses (such as diarrhoea or malaria) cause rapid loss of nutrients through feces or vomit.

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Maegan Smith                                                                                                                                  

Managing Editor

Journal of Food and Clinical Nutrition 

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