Keratoprosthesis: An Artificial Cornea

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Keratoprosthesis is the procedure in which a damaged cornea is replaced with an artificial cornea. With the introduction of new materials, such as transparent non-toxic plastics some measure of success for Keratoprosthesis began to be reported. The good results of these new designs have to be attributed to the discovery of antibiotics and steroids, which improved the postoperative management significantly.

A keratoprosthesis, consisting of a central optic held in a cylindrical frame, is an artificial cornea intended to restore vision to patients with severe bilateral corneal disease for whom a corneal transplant is not an option. The keratoprosthesis replaces the cornea that has been removed and is held in place by the surrounding tissue. Various biologic materials are being investigated to improve integration of the prosthetic into the eye.

Presently, there are three Keratoprosthesis with a widespread use in humans: the Boston Keratoprosthesis (B-KPro), the Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis (OOKP) and the MICOF (Moscow eye Microsurgery Complex in Russia).

For individuals who have corneal blindness and have failed or are not candidates for corneal transplantation who receive a Boston Keratoprosthesis (Boston KPro), osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis, relevant outcomes are change in disease status, morbid events, quality of life, and treatment-related morbidity. Osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis is a complex surgical procedure and has been associated with a number of complications, including extrusion of the keratoprosthesis, retinal detachment, and vitreoretinal complications.

The advancements in the field of ophthalmology have continued to grow in developing the new devices and more importantly the improvement of the surgical techniques in preserving the health of the surrounding corneal tissue.

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