Renal Hypertension

Renal hypertension, also called Reno vascular hypertension, is elevated blood pressure caused by kidney disease. It can usually be controlled by blood pressure drugs. Some people with renal hypertension can be helped by angioplasty, stenting, or surgery on the blood vessels of the kidney.

Renal hypertension is caused by a narrowing in the arteries that deliver blood to the kidney. One or both kidneys' arteries may be narrowed. This is a condition called renal artery stenosis.

When the kidneys receive low blood flow, they act as if the low flow is due to dehydration. So they respond by releasing hormones that stimulate the body to retain sodium and water. Blood vessels fill with additional fluid and blood pressure goes up.

This is the same process that leads to many heart attacks and strokes. A less common cause of the narrowing is fibro muscular dysplasia. This is a condition in which the structure of the renal arteries develops abnormally for unclear reasons.

Renal hypertension usually causes no symptoms. The narrowing in the arteries can't be felt. Unless it's dangerously high, high blood pressure causes no symptoms, either. Symptoms of severely elevated blood pressure include: Headache, Confusion, Blurry, urine, Nosebleed.

The vast majority of people with renal hypertension never experience these (or any) symptoms. High blood pressure is dangerous, partly because there are no symptoms, so organ damage can occur slowly without being recognized.

Renal hypertension can cause chronic kidney disease. This is a slow decline in kidney function. Until the condition is well advanced, chronic kidney disease also causes no symptoms.

Because there are usually no symptoms, a doctor may suspect renal hypertension when someone has uncontrolled high blood pressure despite multiple medications or has unexplained chronic kidney disease.

For most people with renal hypertension due to renal artery narrowing, medications can effectively control blood pressure. More than one blood pressure drug is often needed, however. In some people with renal hypertension due to narrowing of the renal artery.

If a procedure is needed, renal artery stenosis is almost always treated by stenting or angioplasty. However, stenting/angioplasty has not been shown to be beneficial in most studies compared to medical management alone. Still, it may have a role for treatment in some people.

Renal hypertension is a medical condition where kidney disease causes high blood pressure. In this condition the renal artery that supplies blood to the kidneys narrows or gets blocked when a plaque, which is a sticky and fatty substance, deposits along the inner lining of the arteries supplying blood to the kidneys.

This condition is also commonly referred to as Reno vascular disease and renal artery stenosis. When the blood flow to the kidneys is hampered, the kidneys respond by releasing hormones that retain sodium and water. The blood vessels are overloaded with additional fluid and the blood pressure rises.  

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David Paul

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Journal of Clinical Nephrology and Research